Using style cycles

warning

Note that currently style cycles are in a mock-up stage since there are no user-defined types available yet. Instead, we use a huge hack abusing existing types. But this is good for studying how everything should behave.

Style cycles define a repeating sequence of for example colors or marks for consecutive plots. This is useful to

• quickly be able to distinguish multiple plots without explicitly setting their color and
• to ensure consistency between diagrams.

#lq.diagram(
  lq.plot(range(4), range(2, 6), label: [1]),
  lq.plot(range(4), range(1, 5), label: [2]),
  lq.plot(range(4), range(0, 4), label: [3]),
)

Many plot types are affected by style cycles (exceptions are for example boxplot, colormesh, and contour).

Usage

The style cycle can be set through diagram.cycle. The simple option is to pass an array of colors:

#lq.diagram(
  cycle: (red, teal),
  lq.plot(range(4), range(2, 6), label: [1]),
  lq.plot(range(4), range(1, 5), label: [2]),
)

Alternatively, an array of dictionaries can be used to specify color, mark, and stroke (all optional).

#lq.diagram(
  cycle: (
    (color: red, mark: "x"),
    (color: teal, mark: "+")
  ),
  lq.plot(range(4), range(2, 6), label: [1]),
  lq.plot(range(4), range(1, 5), label: [2]),
)

For full control we can pass an array of content-transforming functions:

#lq.diagram(
  cycle: (
    it => { 
      set lq.style(fill: red); 
      set lq.mark(align: lq.marks.s3) 
      it 
    },
    it => { 
      set lq.style(fill: teal)
      set lq.mark(align: lq.marks.s) 
      it
    },
  ),
  lq.plot(range(4), range(2, 6), label: [1]),
  lq.plot(range(4), range(1, 5), label: [2]),
)

Here, we set properties of lq.style and lq.mark to define a custom style cycle. These are explained more in-depth in the following section.

Style properties

Currently, there are two things that can be set: lq.style and lq.mark.

• lq.style determines the general color and stroke settings that also apply to bar plots etc.
  • lq.style.fill is the main color. This sets the line, mark and fill color at once. However, this setting has the lowest precedence and is overridden by all other settings if they are not set to auto.
  • lq.style.stroke is the main stroke, applied to the line of plot, stem etc. but also to bar. If the stroke contains no color, the color is inherited from lq.style.fill
• lq.mark determines all settings concerning marks
  • lq.mark.fill: How to fill the mark. Normally inherited from lq.style.fill
  • lq.mark.stroke: How to stroke the mark. Normally inherited from lq.style.fill (!)
  • lq.mark.inset: The size of the mark. The name inset is of course temporary and due to the hack of abusing the grid type for marks.
  • lq.mark.align: The mark to use. This has to be one of lq.marks or another function that takes a single positional dictionary with the keys fill, stroke, and size. The name align is of course temporary and due to the hack of abusing the grid type for marks.

Many parameters of plot, scatter etc. are by default set to auto, e.g., stroke, mark, and mark-size. This means that the fields are inherited from the current style. The current style can of course be overridden per-plot by setting these parameters to explicit values.

Built-in color sequences

Lilaq features a number of built-in color sequences under lq.color.map. As the default, Lilaq uses the color cycle petroff10. This is a color sequence introduced by Matthew A. Petroff in https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.02270 that is optimized for distinguishability, aesthetics, and people with color vision deficiencies (CVD).

The okabe-ito sequence, suggested in https://jfly.uni-koeln.de/color/ (but reordered, with black removed and yellow slightly darkened) serves similar purposes. In the Makie.jl framework, this sequence is called "wong".

In the color reference, you can find additional sequential maps that can be used for color-coding purposes such as heatmaps or scatter plots.

Generating and folding color cycles

The module lq.cycle contains helper functions for generating color cycles.